Maximum extrusion gap = F max (see drawing below).
F max is the maximum extrusion gap for the seal

Minimum metal to metal clearance = F min (see drawing below).
F min for cylinders with minimal side loading should be >0.1mm (0.004″).

Rods
Maximum extrusion gap: F max = ((ØD3 max + ØD2 max) /2) – S min – Ød1 min
Minimum metal to metal clearance (extrusion gap): F min = S min – ((ØD2 max – ØD3 min) /2)

Pistons
Maximum extrusion gap: F max = ØD1 max – S min – ((Ød3 min + Ød2 min) /2) + dilation
Minimum metal to metal clearance (exclusion gap): F min = S min – ((Ød3 max – Ød2 min) /2)

Calculate both F max and F min.

Ensure the F min is greater than 0.1mm (0.004″) and F max is less than the maximum extrusion gap stated on the seal data sheet at the application’s working pressure. For built-in metal bearings, the extrusion gap calculation is simpler.

For F max:
Rod = ØD3 max – Ød1 min
Piston = ØD1 max – Ød3 min + dilation
F min must be zero

Extrusion is closely linked to pressure and temperature. In general, the best seal performance and life is provided by specifying the smallest possible extrusion gap.

The figures shown for the extrusion gap within the operating conditions of Hallite’s product data sheets, relate to the maximum permissible, worst case situation with the gap all on one side.

Rod Bearing
Rod bearing. Note: Rod is not concentric with gland, because of clearances. (shown exaggerated)

Rod bearing. Note: Rod is not concentric with gland, because of clearances. (shown exaggerated)

Piston bearing
Piston bearing. Note: Piston is not concentric with cylinder bore, because of clearances. (shown exaggerated)

Piston bearing. Note: Piston is not concentric with cylinder bore, because of clearances. (shown exaggerated)

735, 754, 755 735, 754, 755

15, 16, 18 15, 16, 18

601, 605, 606, 610, 621, 652, 659 601, 605, 606, 610, 621, 652, 659

Vee pack sets Vee pack sets

Extrusion gaps and metal-to-metal clearance

The use of remote bearing strips, such as Hallite 506, often creates a conflict between maximising the metal-to-metal clearance, to avoid metal-to-metal contact, and minimising the extrusion gap of the seal. The design decisions that have to be made in this respect are not trivial. The following examples show the effects of looser and tighter tolerances on the minimum metal-to-metal clearance and the maximum extrusion gap. The values have been calculated using the housing design formulae. No allowance has been made for the deflection of the bearings under side load, and, in the case of the piston examples, for the cylinder dilation.

T506 T506 gland for 50mm rod using ‘standard’ tolerances

T506 T506 gland for 50mm rod with tighter tolerances, showing that the minimum metal-to-metal clearances can be increased and the maximum extrusion gap reduced

T506 T506 piston for 80mm bore using ‘standard’ tolerances

T506 T506 piston for 80mm bore with tighter tolerances showingn that minimum metal-to-metal clearance can be increased and maximum extrusion gap reduced.

Once the maximum extrusion gap has been calculated the correct seal can be specified with regard to the required operating pressure of the cylinder. For further advice, please contact Hallite Seals.